The main task of the central heating system is to ensure proper temperature in usable rooms, thereby providing thermal comfort for occupants. The choice of a home heating system has a significant impact on its future running costs, energy consumption, as well as air pollution (smog). The domestic central heating is often installed along with the hot water system.

By definition, insulation is a barrier separating the two adjacent systems, elements or spaces of different properties to prevent or hinder their interaction. Insulation also protects the building's interior from external influences, as well as creates a comfortable microclimate for the people staying there.

The floor serves as a finishing element for horizontal partitions of the building. It usually consists of several layers and should be done after plastering, as one of the last finishing works. The floor provides thermal, acoustic and damp insulation, transfers the loads, as well as is an essential element in interior design.

Staircases, columns, beams and binders are the struc­tural elements that play a key role in the statics and functionality of the building. The stairs serve as a connection between different storeys. Columns, beams and binders allow for an increase in the roof span, and thus the size of the rooms, limiting the need for load-bearing walls. It is particularly significant when building various types of halls (e.g. storage and market ones) as well as garages (under­ground, ground-based, single- and multi-storey ones).

Floors, together with the walls discussed in our previous issue, are the key structural elements of the building. While the walls are vertical partitions and divide the building into separate rooms, the floors are horizontal partitions that split the building into storeys (floors) and cause stiffening of the walls.

Walls are vertical partitions of the building that transfer the loads to the foundation, protect the interior of the building from external influences, as well as divide it into separate rooms. They meet a number of requirements, which forms the basis for their classification in terms of the structural function and location. Apart from vertical loads, walls also carry other types of loads, such as the earth pressure on ground floor walls, wind pressure or suction, loads of the roof structure, etc.

If it has been seven days since the notification to the competent construction supervision authority about the commencement of the construction, then we can finally undertake the initial building work, including construction stakeout, earthwork and foundations.